Ferdinand, Duke of Breisgau
Archduke Ferdinand Karl Anton Joseph Johann Stanislaus of Austria-Este (1 June 1754 – 24 December 1806) was a son of Holy Roman Emperor Franz I and Maria Theresa of Austria. He was the founder of the House of Austria-Este and Governor of the Duchy of Milan between 1765 and 1796. He was also designated as the heir to the Duchies of Modena and Reggio but never reigned owing to the Napoleonic Wars.
Early life
Ferdinand was born at the Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna as the fourth son and fourteenth child of the Holy Roman Emperor Franz I and of his wife Maria Theresa of Austria.
In 1763 the last Este Duke of Modena Ercole III (who did not die until 1803) signed a treaty with the Empress Maria Theresa engaging the nine-year old Ferdinand to his only daughter Maria Beatrice, making him thus his heir. There had been an earlier treaty in 1753 making Ferdinand's older brother Peter Leopold the heir to the Duchy of Modena, but in 1761 Peter Leopold became heir to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany which required a change to the Modena agreement.
In 1771 the Imperial Reichstag approved the eventual investiture of Ferdinand with the imperial fiefs held by Ercole III.
Marriage and family
On 15 October 1771 Ferdinand in effect married Maria Beatrice Ricciarda d'Este (7 April 1750-14 Nov 1829), only surviving child of Duke Ercole III of Modena and Reggio (although the marriage was not a requirement of Ferdinand's eventual succession).
Festivities arranged for this occasion included the operas Ascanio in Alba by Mozart and Il Ruggiero by Johann Adolph Hasse.
Ferdinand and Maria Beatrice Ricciarda had ten children:
- Josef Franz (1772)
- Maria Theresa (1773–1832), married Victor Emanuel I, King of Sardinia
- Josepha (1775–1777)
- Maria Leopoldina (1776–1848), married Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria
- Francis IV (1779–1846), next Duke of Modena, married Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy
- Ferdinand Karl Joseph (1781–1850), Commander-in-Chief of the Austrian army during the Napoleonic Wars
- Maximilian Joseph (1782–1863), Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights
- Maria Antonia (1784–1786)
- Karl (2 Nov 1785 – 2 Sept 1809). Archbishop of Esztergom, Primate of Hungary
- Marie Ludovika (1787–1816), married her first cousin Franz I, Emperor of Austria
Career
Ferdinand became Governor of the Duchy of Milan on his marriage in 1771, as long as his father-in-law Ercole III d'Este still ruled the Duchy of Modena. He and his family lived in Milan.
In 1780 Ferdinand was confirmed Governor of Lombardy by his brother the new Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II. In 1796 Napoleon's invasion of Milan forced the family to flee the French forces. Duke Ercole III also had to flee Modena which overthrew the monarchy and joined the Cisalpine Republic.
By the Treaty of Campo Formio in 1797 Duke Ercole III was granted the Duchy of Breisgau, a Habsburg territory in southwest Germany. When Ercole III died in 1803, Ferdinand succeeded as Duke of Breisgau, as well as Titular Duke of Modena and Reggio. By the Treaty of Pressburg in 1805 Ferdinand ceded the Duchy of Breisgau to the Grand Duchy of Baden. Ferdinand died the following year in Vienna.
In 1814 Ferdinand's eldest surviving son Francis IV was recognised as Duke of Modena by the Congress of Vienna.
Honours and awards
Austria
Foreign Honours
Ancestry
Ancestors of Ferdinand, Duke of Breisgau |
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16. Nicholas II, Duke of Lorraine |
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8. Charles V, Duke of Lorraine |
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17. Claude-Françoise of Lorraine |
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4. Leopold, Duke of Lorraine |
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18. Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor |
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9. Eleonora Maria Josefa of Austria
Queen Dowager of Poland-Lithuania |
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19. Eleanor Gonzaga of Mantua |
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2. Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor |
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20. Louis XIII of France |
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10. Philippe I, Duke of Orléans |
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21. Anne of Austria |
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5. Princess Élisabeth Charlotte of Orléans |
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22. Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine |
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11. Countess Palatine Elizabeth Charlotte of Simmern |
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23. Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel |
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1. Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este |
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24. Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (= 18) |
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12. Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor |
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25. Maria Anna of Spain |
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6. Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor |
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26. Philip William, Elector Palatine |
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13. Eleonore-Magdalena of Neuburg |
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27. Landgravine Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt |
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3. Maria Theresa of Austria
Queen of Hungary & Bohemia |
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28. Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel |
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14. Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel |
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29. Duchess Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderburg-Norburg |
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7. Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel |
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30. Albert Ernest I, Prince of Oettingen-Oettingen |
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15. Princess Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen |
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31. Duchess Christine Frederica of Württemburg |
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1st generation |
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2nd generation |
Archduke Cristopher · Maximilian I · Archduke John · Archduke Wolfgang
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3rd generation |
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4th generation |
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5th generation |
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6th generation |
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7th generation |
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8th generation |
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9th generation |
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10th generation |
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11th generation |
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12th generation |
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13th generation |
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14th generation |
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15th generation |
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16th generation |
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17th generation |
Crown Prince Otto · Archduke Robert*** · Archduke Felix · Archduke Carl Ludwig · Archduke Rudolf · Archduke Ferdinand Karl · Archduke Heinrich Maria · Archduke Leopold Franz** · Archduke Guntram** · Archduke Radbot** · Archduke Johann** · Archduke Georg** · Archduke Stephan** · Archduke Dominic** · Archduke Friederich Salvator** · Archduke Andreas Salvator** · Archduke Markus** · Archduke Johann** · Archduke Michael** · Archduke Franz Salvator** · Archduke Karl Salvator** · Archduke Joseph Karl · Archduke Andreas Agustinus · Archduke Nicholas Franz · Archduke Johann Jacob · Archduke Edward Karl · Archduke Paul Rudolf
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18th generation |
Archduke Karl · Archduke Georg · Archduke Lorenz*** · Archduke Gerhard*** · Archduke Martin*** · Archduke Karl Philipp · Archduke Raimund Joseph · Archduke Itsván · Archduke Rudolf · Archduke Carl Christian · Archduke Karl Peter · Archduke Simeon · Archduke Johannes · Archduke Maximilian Heinrich · Archduke Philipp Joachim · Archduke Ferdinand Karl · Archduke Konrad · Archduke Sigismund** · Archduke Georg** · Archduke Guntram** · Archduke Leopold** · Archduke Alexander Salvator** · Archduke Thaddäus Salvator** · Archduke Casimir Salvator** · Archduke Matthias** · Archduke Johannes** · Archduke Bernhard** · Archduke Benedikt · Archduke Joseph Albrecht · Archduke Paul Leo · Archduke Friedrich Cyprian · Archduke Benedikt Alexander · Archduke Nicolás · Archduke Santiago · Archduke Paul Benedikt
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19th generation |
Archduke Ferdinand Zvonimir · Archduke Karl Konstantin · Archduke Amedeo*** · Archduke Joachim*** · Archduke Bartholomaeus*** · Archduke Emmanuel*** · Archduke Luigi*** · Archduke Felix Carl · Archduke Andreas Franz · Archduke Paul Johannes · Archduke Carl Christian · Archduke Johannes · Archduke Thomas · Archduke Franz Ludwig · Archduke Michael · Archduke Joseph · Archduke Imre · Archduke Imre · Archduke Christoph · Archduke Alexander · Archduke Lorenz Carl · Archduke Wilhelm · Archduke Johannes · Archduke Ludwig · Archduke Philipp · Archduke Nicholas · Archduke Constantin · Archduke Jacob Maximilian · Archduke Leopold Amedeo** · Archduke Maximilian** · Archduke Leopold** · Archduke Constantin Salvator** · Archduke Paul Salvator**
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*also an infante of Spain
**also a prince of Tuscany
***also a prince of Modena
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Tuscan princes
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1st Generation |
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2nd Generation |
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3rd Generation |
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4th Generation |
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5th Generation |
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6th Generation |
none
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7th Generation |
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8th Generation |
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9th Generation |
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10th Generation |
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11th Generation |
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12th Generation |
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13th Generation |
Prince Leopold Franz* · Prince Guntram* · Prince Radbot* · Prince Johann* · Prince Georg* · Prince Stephan* · Prince Dominic* · Prince Friederich Salvator* · Prince Andreas Salvator* · Prince Markus* · Prince Johann* · Prince Michael* · Prince Franz Salvator* · Prince Karl Salvator*
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14th Generation |
Prince Sigismund* · Prince Georg* · Prince Guntram* · Prince Leopold* · Prince Alexander Salvator* · Prince Thaddäus Salvator* · Prince Casimir Salvator* · Prince Matthias* · Prince Johannes* · Prince Bernhard* · Prince Benedikt*
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15th Generation |
Prince Leopold Amedeo* · Prince Maximilian* · Prince Leopold* · Prince Constantin Salvator* · Prince Paul Salvator*
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* also an archduke of Austria
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Persondata |
Name |
Ferdinand Of Austria-Este, Archduke |
Alternative names |
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Short description |
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Date of birth |
1 June 1754 |
Place of birth |
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Date of death |
24 December 1806 |
Place of death |
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